/ /  / Risk Premia
Introduction to Risk Premia

Risk Premia already exists. It is just lumped together in broad assets classes such as equity, fixed income, property etc. We can see risk Premia as the return one should expect to earn for bearing the systematic risk inherent in the investment. One can classify risk premia broadly into three categories, namely asset class, style or strategy risk.

The asset class risk premium is the well know traditional risk premium one expects to earn from the asset class over and above a risk-free rate. In South Africa a rule of thumb is to expect to earn around 6%-8% over risk-free rate for equities over a long-term cycle (Hassan & Van Biljon, 2009).

Style risk premium is another form of return that is well documented and commonly used in portfolio construction at fund level, such as in the core-satellite approach. We derive the style risk premium via intentional exposure to certain fundamental or technical factors.
Examples of style factors are value, growth, momentum, large cap, small cap, term structure spread, credit spread, high yield spread, volatility, and liquidity..

The strategy risk premium is generated by the strategy used to extract return. Classical examples are long-short, merger arbitrage or market neutral strategies.

  • Introduction to Risk Premia
  • Categories of Risk Premia
  • Alpha Migration
  • Reference or Additional Material
Figure 1: Categories of Risk Premia
Figure 1: Categories of Risk Premia
Alpha Migration 
With this framework we can now attribute a fund’s return based on the risk premia beta it is made up of. If a fund generated a return of say 10% over the last year, we can replicate this with passive exposure to the different risk premia to explain, for example, 8% of a return of 10%. The remaining 2% is the error term in our model, which we can call alpha or the manager’s skill. This can be something we cannot explain yet, but it is getting smaller and smaller as the body of knowledge built-up to understand the different risk premia. What was alpha yesterday is beta tomorrow, hence the term of alpha migration.
Figure 2: Farming Beta and Hunting Alpha
One of the most popular arguments in finance is between active versus passive management, with valid arguments made on both sides. We should use both in a complementary fashion as discussed in the framework, categories of risk premia, above to farm beta as efficiently and actively hunt for alpha. Ultimately constructing a multi-level, diversified portfolio made up of individual risk assets (risk premia) with low to negative correlation with each other across time.
Reference/Additional Material

Portfolio of Risk Premia: A New Approach to Diversification
Jennifer Bender, Remy Briand, Frank Nielsen and Dan Stefek
The Journal of Portfolio Management Winter 2010, 36 (2) 17-25
https://jpm.pm-research.com/content/36/2/17

The Equity Premium And Risk‐Free Rate Puzzles In A Turbulent Economy: Evidence From 105 Years Of Data From South Africa
Shakill Hassan, Andrew Van Biljon
https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/sajeco/v78y2010i1p23-39.html